isangoma (Traditional Healer): intsingiselo yephupha ngokwezithethe (amaZulu, amaXhosa, amaSotho)

Amagama

• IsiNgesi: Traditional Healer
• isiZulu: isangoma ^[9]
• isiXhosa: igqirha ^[10]
• Sesotho: ngaka ^[11]

Amagqabantshintshi

Phantse bonke ubungqina obupapashiweyo ngokuphupha ngegqirha buvela kwiingxelo zobizo: ubizo okanye intwaso kwisithethe samaNguni, kunye no thwasa ngesiSesotho. Amagqirha amaXhosa athi kungcono ukuba osaqalayo aphuphe ngegqirha eliza kumthwasisa, kwaye aligqala elo phupha njengelilungileyo kuba libonisa ukuthanda kwezinyanya. Amagqirha amaZulu, amaXhosa namaBasotho achaza ukuboniswa komfundisi wawo (gobela) okanye indlela eya endlwini yakhe ephupheni. Abanye bachaza amaphupha aphindaphindayo amagqirha ecula, ebetha amagubu kwaye engqungqa ngasemlanjeni njengesiqalo sobizo lwawo. Imithombo epapashiweyo ayithethi kakhulu ngamanye amaphupha ngamagqirha, njengokucocwa ligqirha okanye ukuphupha isangoma sincumile, ngoko eli phepha aliwatoliki.

Umxholo: Amaxhwele, amasiko nokukhuselwa

isiZulu

isangoma

Izangoma zamaZulu zichaza amaphupha ngamagqirha njengesiqalo sokuthwasa. Eziliqela zathi ubizo lwazo lwaqala ngamaphupha aphindaphindayo ezangoma zicula, zibetha amagubu kwaye zingqungqa ngasemlanjeni. Omnye waphupha amagqirha engqungqa waza waboniswa indawo awayeza kuqeqeshwa kuyo. Iingcali zithi uninzi lwezangoma luboniswa igobela (umfundisi) walo emaphupheni, kwaye izifundo zengqondo zidwelisa amaphupha ngamagqirha esintu neempahla zawo phakathi kweempawu zobizo lwezinyanya. ^{[3] [4] [8] [7]}

isiXhosa

igqirha

Amagqirha amaXhosa akholelwa ekubeni osaqalayo ufanele ukuphupha ngegqirha eliza kumthwasisa. Elo phupha ligqalwa njengelilungileyo ngokukhethekileyo (ukulunga) kuba libonisa ukuthanda kwezinyanya. Kwiingxelo zobomi ezibhaliweyo, elinye ibhinqa elalidlula kwintwaso laphupha ngegqirha elalifanele ukuliqeqesha, laza lakhonjiswa indlu yelo gqirha ephupheni. ^{[1] [2]}

Sesotho

Kwingcinga yesiSesotho, thwasa kudla ngokutyhilwa ngamaphupha: umthwasa uphupha ngokuphilisa okanye ngegqirha eliqeqeshiweyo elifanele ukumongamela. Igqirha elingumMosotho eLesotho lachaza indlela elafumana ngayo isangoma kwelinye iphupha laza lafunda kwelinye ukuba loo mntu wayefanele ukuba ngumfundisi walo. ^{[5] [6]}

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuphupha isangoma?

Kwimithombo yesiZulu, yesiXhosa neyesiSotho, ukuphupha isangoma okanye igqirha kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezinyanya kunye nobizo olunokwenzeka lokuphilisa. Abantu abaqeqeshwayo badla ngokuphupha ngegqirha elifanele ukubafundisa. Amagqirha amaXhosa aligqala elo phupha njengelilungileyo ngokukhethekileyo. ^{[1] [2] [8]}

Ngaba ukuphupha isangoma kuthetha ukuba ndinobizo?

Kunokuba luphawu. Amaphupha ngamagqirha esintu neempahla zawo adweliswe phakathi kweempawu zobizo lwezinyanya, kwaye izangoma eziliqela zathi ubizo lwazo lwaqala ngamaphupha aphindaphindayo ngamagqirha. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubizo luqinisekiswa ligqirha elinamava, kungekhona ngephupha elinye lodwa. ^{[7] [3] [5]}

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuphupha izangoma zingqungqa okanye zibetha amagubu ngasemlanjeni?

Izangoma zamaZulu ekwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nazo eThekwini zachaza amaphupha aphindaphindayo ezangoma zicula, zibetha amagubu kwaye zingqungqa ngasemlanjeni njengesiqalo sobizo lwazo. Imilambo inxulunyaniswa nezinyanya, ngoko amaphupha anjalo atolikwa njengonxibelelwano nezinyanya. ^{[3] [4]}

Ngaba iphupha lingandibonisa ukuba ngubani ofanele ukuba ngumfundisi wam wesangoma?

Ewe. Lo ngomnye wemixholo ehlala ibonakala ngokungaguquguqukiyo kwimithombo. Iingcali zithi uninzi lwezangoma luboniswa igobela lalo emaphupheni, abasaqalayo abangamaXhosa baphupha ngegqirha eliza kubathwasisa, kwaye igqirha elingumMosotho lafunda ephupheni ukuba ngubani ofanele ukuba ngumfundisi walo. ^{[8] [2] [6] [1]}

Indlela yokucingisisa ngeli phupha

Bhala phantsi ukuba ubone bani okanye ntoni, ukuba benze ntoni, nendlela elivakale ngayo iphupha. Iphupha elinye sisiqalo sokucingisisa, asiloxela ikamva, asiloxilongo, yaye alisosigqibo malunga nobizo. Gcina iinkcukacha kwi-isixhobo sokucingisisa ngephupha ngaphambi kokuba uzilibale.

Iimpawu ezinxulumene neli

Ngokubanzi

• Ancestors
• Snake

Umxholo ofanayo

• Ancestral Calling
• Impepho
• Throwing the Bones
• Muthi
• Cleansing Ritual

Joyina uluntu

Joyina uluntu ukuze uthethe ngendlela iphupha elifana neli elitolikwa ngayo kusapho lwakho.

Imithombo

Le misebenzi ipapashiweyo yimithombo yeenkcazelo ezikweli phepha.

Akukho sicatshulwa kweli phepha.

1. Hirst, Manton (2005). Dreams and Medicines: The Perspective of Xhosa Diviners and Novices in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology 5(2):1-22. I-DOI: 10.1080/20797222.2005.11433901. printed page 11 (PDF page 12).
2. Beauty Ntombizanele Booi (2004). Three perspectives on ukuthwasa: The view from traditional beliefs, Western Psychiatry and Transpersonal Psychology. Rhodes University, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Psychology. PDF page 59.
3. Gerda Jeanette Hooghordel (2021). Reeds in the wind of change: Zulu sangomas in transition. Leiden University, African Studies Centre Leiden (PhD). PDF page 95.
4. Nompumelelo Prudence Kubeka (2016). The psychological perspective on Zulu ancestral calling: a phenomenological study. University of Pretoria (MA Clinical Psychology mini-dissertation). PDF page 67.
5. Fezekile Futhwa (2012). Setho: Afrikan Thought & Belief System. Nalane ka Fezekile Futhwa. PDF page 132.
6. Agnieszka Podolecka. Spiritual healers in the Basotho society: An overview of "traditional" beliefs in Christianised Lesotho. PDF page 14.
7. MABOTJA, I (2023). Ancestral calling and its role on psychological well-being amongst the Pedi tribe in the Polokwane Local Municipality in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Nelson Mandela University. PDF page 23.
8. Mkhulu Mngomezulu. Call Me By My Name: Ubizo and Ancestral Names for Abangoma. HERRI (online journal), issue 7. section 4.
9. Sobiecki, Jean-Francois (2014). The intersection of culture and science in South African traditional medicine. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology vol.14 n.1 (SciELO SA). I-DOI: 10.2989/ipjp.2014.14.1.6.1238. Section 'Imphepho: African incense of the ancestors'.
10. Edwards, David J. A.; Hirst, Manton; Booi, Beauty N. (2014). Interpretative Reflections on Nomzi's Story. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology 14(2). I-DOI: 10.2989/ipjp.2014.14.2.4.1243. printed page 1 (PDF page 1).
11. Mensele, M. S. (2011). A study of rituals performed at two sacred sites in the Eastern Free State by [Basotho]. University of the Free State (KovsieScholar). PDF page 8.

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